Dr. Maria-Elena Giner, P.E. Photo archive by Roberto Hugo González
Texas Border Business
By Roberto Hugo González
Dr. Maria-Elena Giner, P.E., resigned as Commissioner of the U.S. Section of the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) on April 21, 2025. In her resignation letter addressed to President Donald J. Trump, Dr. Giner expressed gratitude for the opportunity to serve in the role for nearly four years and acknowledged the challenges and accomplishments experienced during her tenure.
She confirmed that her resignation is effective immediately and welcomed her successor, Chad McIntosh, who has been appointed as the new U.S. Commissioner. Dr. Giner stated that she had a productive conversation with McIntosh before her departure and provided him with an overview of recent work at the agency.
During her time as Commissioner, Dr. Giner highlighted several longstanding challenges faced by the IBWC, including chronic underfunding and infrastructure deterioration. She cited historical figures, noting that from 2010 through 2020, the agency received an average of $32 million annually for construction needs along the U.S.-Mexico border. This funding level, combined with a 25 percent vacancy rate and nearly $200 million in unobligated funds, had impacted the maintenance of critical infrastructure, including levees, dams, wastewater treatment plants, ports of entry, and boundary markers.
Despite these constraints, Dr. Giner listed several accomplishments achieved under her leadership. These included signing six international agreements, or “Minutes,” addressing structural issues at Amistad Dam, pollution mitigation efforts in Tijuana, improvements in Rio Grande water deliveries, and a reduction in Colorado River water deliveries to Mexico.
Operational improvements cited in the letter include the commitment of $350 million in construction funding, the creation of an asset management office, the development of a long-term capital plan, the replacement of heavy equipment, and major repairs to South Bay and Nogales wastewater treatment facilities. She also noted that a contract was awarded for the rehabilitation and expansion of the South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant through a progressive design-build approach.
Dr. Giner also reported organizational enhancements at the agency, including streamlining the workforce, reducing the vacancy rate to below 10 percent, improving employee satisfaction, and expanding communication efforts to increase transparency and stakeholder engagement.
The resignation letter referenced ongoing challenges that the agency will continue to face, including Mexico’s water delivery obligations under international treaties, investment needs in Tijuana’s wastewater infrastructure, further negotiations on Colorado River water allocations, and the continued advancement of asset management and infrastructure improvements.
Dr. Giner concluded her letter by expressing appreciation for the IBWC staff, recognizing their dedication to protecting border communities and U.S. water resources. She encouraged continued support for the agency’s mission under Commissioner Chad McIntosh’s leadership.
List of immediate needs mentioned in Dr. Maria-Elena Giner’s letter of resignation:
Improved Funding and Investment in Infrastructure
– Addressing ongoing infrastructure needs due to decades of underfunding.
Mexico’s Compliance with Investment in Tijuana’s Wastewater System
– Ensuring Mexico fulfills commitments to address transboundary pollution.
Rio Grande Water Deliveries from Mexico
– Securing treaty-obligated water deliveries to benefit Texas users.
Further Reductions in Colorado River Water Delivered to Mexico
– Negotiating additional reductions to support U.S. basin states.
Advancing the Asset Management Program
– Continuing the implementation and expansion of asset management to move from reactive to proactive maintenance.
Ongoing Improvements to IBWC Infrastructure
– Completing critical repairs and modernization efforts across IBWC facilities.
Elon Musk has once again turned the spotlight on a looming demographic crisis. In a post on X, he warned: “Low birth rates will end civilization.” While the statement may sound dramatic, the underlying data supports a sobering reality—America is experiencing a steep and widespread fertility decline. Image; public domain and X
Texas Border Business
Texas Border Business
Elon Musk Sounds the Alarm Over Record-Low Fertility Rates
April 23, 2025– Elon Musk has once again turned the spotlight on a looming demographic crisis. In a post on X, he warned: “Low birth rates will end civilization.” While the statement may sound dramatic, the underlying data supports a sobering reality—America is experiencing a steep and widespread fertility decline.
According to newly released figures shared by entrepreneur Mario Nawfal, the U.S. fertility rate dropped to a record low of 54.5 births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in 2023. This marks a significant decline from the post-World War II baby boom peak in 1957, when it was 122.9.
What’s striking is that the fertility drop is not localized—it spans all 50 states. While Utah managed to maintain a relatively small decline, Virginia’s fertility rate plummeted more dramatically than any other state. South Dakota led the nation with the highest rate, whereas Vermont had the lowest.
The decline also reflects shifting societal patterns. Women are increasingly postponing childbirth, with births among women aged 35–39 and even 40+ showing modest increases. However, this older maternal age trend is insufficient to compensate for the sharp decline in younger brackets.
Why It Matters
Demographers and economists have long warned that sustained low fertility rates can lead to social issues: labor shortages, increased pressure on social safety nets, declining economic growth, and the challenge of supporting an aging population with a shrinking workforce.
Musk, who has often voiced concerns about population collapse, is not alone in sounding alarms. The data supports a future where the U.S.—and much of the developed world—could face population stagnation or decline, with far-reaching consequences.
Is There a Solution?
Reversing the trend is no simple task. Addressing economic insecurity, improving work-life balance, offering affordable childcare, and creating more supportive family policies are often cited as ways to encourage family growth.
But cultural and economic shifts—like delayed marriage, career prioritization, and urban living—make this a complex issue with no silver bullet.
Dr. Luis Antonio Perez is the Dean of the Sanchez School of Business at Texas A&M International University. Photo by Roberto Hugo González
Texas Border Business
By Roberto Hugo González
Adam Gonzalez. Photo by Roberto H. González
On Thursday, March 13, 2025, the Rio South Texas Education and Community Development Foundation (RSTEF) held its second Annual Awards Ceremony at the Radisson Hotel in McAllen, Texas. The evening, hosted by Adam Gonzalez, CEO of RSTEF and COSTEP (Council for South Texas Economic Progress), brought educators, nonprofit partners, board members, and community leaders together to recognize and celebrate initiatives advancing education and workforce development across the Rio South Texas region.
Adam Gonzalez opened the event by reflecting on the legacy and expanding mission of the foundation. “It’s a great honor to serve this organization,” he said. He shared how the foundation, which began in 1974 as a secondary student loan market, made a lasting impact by offering interest rate reductions of up to 3% and supporting more than 45% of higher education students in the region at one time. “The foundation has always given back to the community,” Gonzalez affirmed.
$250,000 Grant Fuels the Banking Academy Dream at TAMI-U! At the 2025 RSTEF Annual Awards Ceremony in McAllen, the Texas A&M International Alumni Association received a $250,000 grant to support its visionary Banking Academy Endowment—a program set to transform student futures and the region’s financial landscape. Photo by Roberto Hugo González
A highlight of the ceremony was the presentation of a $250,000 grant to the Texas A&M International Alumni Association in support of the Banking Academy Endowment. Gonzalez enthusiastically introduced the honoree and highlighted the program’s potential to uplift students and strengthen the region’s financial sector.
Dr. Luis Antonio Perez, Dean of the Sanchez School of Business at Texas A&M International University, accepted the award and delivered heartfelt remarks.
“South Texas Community Development Foundation, board members, fellow awardees, all friends. I am Luis Antonio Perez, Dean of the Sanchez School of Business at Texas A&M International University—TAMIU. I am delighted to be here with you this evening, receiving the support of this magnificent Rio South Texas community,” he began.
Perez described the Banking Academy as a visionary program that took shape over the past few years with the aim of integrating real-world banking experience into the academic curriculum. “The Banking Academy Dream started a few years ago. They started to find ways to integrate this dream into the curriculum,” he said. “I have been here 43 weeks and love it, in the Laredo area. I have gotten to know many of our region’s top bankers, and many of them are present here. I can attest firsthand how they are committed to our community.”
He continued with passion about the program’s future impact: “It is really remarkable to see how that commitment will go with our students to really give them meaningful opportunities for meaningful careers. In this case, the Banking Academy—many of them will go on, thanks to this support, to be leading commercial bankers, investment bankers… who knows? The opportunities are there.”
Perez emphasized that the Academy was modeled after programs at flagship universities, balancing academic rigor with real-world application. “We pride ourselves not only on the curricular aspect of our program, but also the co-curricular aspect—that is, through simulations, through inviting top bankers into the pool to give mentoring opportunities to our students, where we meet academia with industry, where the action happens. So that is our goal.”
He closed by recognizing those who helped bring the vision to life. “This also could not have happened without the support of our leaders. On the first day on the job, the provost told me this is assignment number one—and I’m very happy to see that this was a success. Thank you for that vision and the support of all my colleagues. Once again, thank you very much for your attention. Thank you very much. Our staff—without you, this is not possible. Thank you.”
In addition to the Banking Academy Endowment, Gonzalez accentuated the reach of RSTEF’s investments. Since 2019, the foundation has awarded $9.4 million in grants across its seven-county service area, generating $18.8 million in total investment when accounting for matching funds. A total of 26 initiatives have been supported, many of them multi-year programs.
These initiatives span a wide range of focus areas, including Advanced Industrial Robotics, Credit Recovery for At-Risk High School Students, Biomedical Equipment Access, Healthcare Career Pathways, STEM Tutoring, Healthcare Apprenticeships, Teacher Training Programs, Registered Nurse Certifications, CTE (Career and Technical Education) Pipeline Development, and Scholarships and Endowments in fields such as Computer Engineering, Construction Science, and Banking.
The 2025 RSTEF Annual Awards Ceremony celebrated accomplishments and reaffirmed the region’s commitment to building a stronger future. Through visionary leadership, strategic investment, and collaboration, RSTEF continues to empower the next generation of Rio South Texas leaders.
Centering his message around a quote from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Trump expressed frustration with what he sees as inflammatory rhetoric undermining peace efforts. Images: public Domain via wikimedia commons
Texas Border Business
Texas Border Business
In a recent post on his platform TRUTH Social, former President Donald Trump addressed the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia with a mix of pointed commentary and his signature bravado. Centering his message around a quote from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Trump expressed frustration with what he sees as inflammatory rhetoric undermining peace efforts.
Zelenskyy, in a statement featured on the front page of The Wall Street Journal, declared that “Ukraine will not legally recognize the occupation of Crimea.” Trump reacted sharply, calling the comment harmful to peace negotiations and suggesting that Crimea, annexed by Russia in 2014, is no longer a matter for discussion. According to Trump, the territory was “lost years ago under the auspices of President Barack Hussein Obama,” and thus should not be a focal point in current talks.
He further argued that Ukraine had not defended Crimea when it was first taken and questioned Zelenskyy’s current stance. “If he wants Crimea, why didn’t they fight for it eleven years ago when it was handed over to Russia without a shot being fired?” Trump asked, adding that the region has long housed Russian military infrastructure, particularly submarine bases.
In an increasingly dire tone, Trump suggested that Ukraine must choose between peace or continued war, warning that prolonging the conflict would be catastrophic. “He can have Peace or fight for another three years before losing the whole Country,” he said.
Despite claiming no personal connection to Russia, Trump positioned himself as a potential peace broker. “I have nothing to do with Russia,” he insisted, “but have much to do with wanting to save, on average, five thousand Russian and Ukrainian soldiers a week, who are dying for no reason whatsoever.” He condemned Zelenskyy’s statement as one that would only prolong the “killing field.”
Trump concluded by suggesting a peace deal is within reach and that Zelenskyy, whom he called “the man with no cards to play,” should stop obstructing progress. He expressed eagerness to assist both sides, declaring that the war “would have never started if I were President!”
Governor Greg Abbott today signed Senate Bill 14, also known as Texas DOGE, into law at the Texas Capitol in Austin. Passed during the 89th Regular Legislative Session, this law will empower the Texas government to be more efficient and less intrusive in the daily lives of Texans. Photo: Office of he Governor
AUSTIN — Governor Greg Abbott today signed Senate Bill 14, also known as Texas DOGE, into law at the Texas Capitol in Austin. Passed during the 89th Regular Legislative Session, this law will empower the Texas government to be more efficient and less intrusive in the daily lives of Texans.
Photo: Office of The Governor
“We are putting at the forefront of legislation the shaping, formation, and recalibration of government in the State of Texas to make it more responsive and more efficient,” said Governor Abbott. “We in Texas will now have our own DOGE, known as the Texas Regulatory Efficiency Office. This law will slash regulations, put stricter standards on new regulations that could be costly to businesses, and put a check on the growth of the administrative state. This will make government more efficient and less costly, ensuring that Texas operates at the speed of business. I am proud of everything the Texas Senate and House were able to achieve to get this bill to my desk, which is now law.”
Photo: Office of The Governor
The Governor was joined at the bill signing by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick, Speaker Dustin Burrows, Senator Phil King, Representative Giovanni Capriglione, National Federation of Independent Business Texas State Director Jeff Burdett, and other members of the Texas Legislature and business leaders.
“Texas DOGE will ensure the Texas Miracle continues long into the 21st century,” said Lieutenant Governor Patrick. “Texans understand that by cutting red tape, more money stays in the pocket of taxpayers. Our conservative approach to regulation will keep Texans prosperous and our state the best place to do business in America and across the globe.”
“A major theme of this session is government efficiency, and today the state is delivering on its promise to cut red tape and empower Texans with greater oversight of their government,” said Speaker Burrows. “As the first bill signed by Governor Abbott into law this session, the Regulatory Reform and Efficiency Act brings our state into the 21st century in terms of government rulemaking and will strengthen economic opportunity. Thank you to Governor Abbott, Lieutenant Governor Patrick, Chairman Capriglione, Senator King, and everyone who has worked to ensure Texas remains the best state in the nation for business and innovation.”
“Senate Bill 14 was crafted with hard-working Texans in mind,” said Senator King. “Many of our state rules and regulations are outdated and unnecessarily burdensome, creating barriers to continued economic growth. With this legislation, we can dramatically improve our regulatory system and build a stronger Texas for the long term.”
“The days of wasteful spending and government bloat have officially been DOGE’d. With the signing of Senate Bill 14, we are increasing government efficiency and saving taxpayers millions,” said Representative Capriglione. “I’m thankful to Senator Phil King for working with me in this effort and to Governor Abbott for his leadership. Together, we’re leading the charge in creating a smarter, leaner government.”
“Governor Abbott’s signing of Senate Bill 14 marks a historic step for Texas small businesses, creating the Texas Regulatory Efficiency Office and building on the Small Business Freedom Council’s recommendations to reduce regulations, taxes, and workforce barriers,” said Mr. Burdett. “This legislation sets the stage for what could be the most impactful session for small businesses in Texas history.”
“As Co-Chair of the Governor’s Small Business Freedom Council, I applaud the signing of Senate Bill 14 to create the Texas Regulatory Efficiency Office,” said Texas Association of Business President and CEO Glenn Hamer. “This new office delivers on a core recommendation from the Freedom Council’s report: eliminate duplicative regulations, modernize outdated processes, and reduce the burdens that hold back small business growth. The Texas DOGE effort is a model for the nation. Texas is already the best state for business—but to stay on top, we must continuously improve how government works for entrepreneurs. This legislation reflects Governor Abbott’s commitment to making government move at the speed of business, and we enthusiastically support his vision. I want to thank Chairman King and Chairman Capriglione for their leadership on this important initiative. Senate Bill 14 is a win for regulatory reform, a win for small businesses, and a win for Texas.”
Senate Bill 14 (King/Capriglione) creates the Texas Regulatory Efficiency Office to find and eliminate unnecessary regulations in state agencies and create best practices for state agencies to follow to reduce regulatory strains on Texans.
South Texas College is proud to announce Bethany Martinez as its 2025 Work Study of the Year recipient, recognizing her commitment to the college as a work-study employee and dedication to her peers’ success. STC image
Texas Border Business
By Veronica Salinas
South Texas College is proud to announce Bethany Martinez as its 2025 Work Study of the Year recipient, recognizing her commitment to the college as a work-study employee and dedication to her peers’ success.
Work Study of the Year recipients are selected based on their dedication, professionalism and a positive attitude in their roles as student workers. They balance academics and work responsibilities while consistently going above and beyond to support their departments and fellow students.
“Getting this award makes me really proud,” she said. “I wasn’t expecting it at all. It was a complete surprise. My supervisors told me after I had won that they nominated me. Knowing they believed in me enough to submit that nomination without telling me, really touched me.”
Martinez works at the Student Financial Services Department at the Mid-Valley campus, assisting students in completing their Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
“Bethany has become an expert in filling out the FAFSA application,” said Financial Aid Specialist and Martinez’s Supervisor Menisa Vega. “Her knowledge has helped us lead students in the right direction, making her trustworthy and dependable. She is a highly professional and honest individual.”
At just 19-years-old, her commitment to excellence, strong work ethic and willingness to lend a helping hand make her a standout example of the impact student employees have on campus.
“Bethany is always very cheerful and has a great work ethic,” said Vega. “She is always willing to answer any questions students and parents have with patience and care. She is always showing empathy to make them feel comfortable.”
Martinez shared that she intentionally chose a work-study position as her first job after hearing many positive experiences from other students at STC. She was drawn to the idea of working on campus in a supportive environment where student success is a priority.
“I heard a lot of great things about work-study positions like the flexibility and the numerous opportunities that are available through the program,” she said.
Martinez shared that one of the most meaningful aspects of her work-study position has been assisting students and their families through the FAFSA application process.
She explained that many of the parents she works with primarily speak Spanish and she takes extra care to ensure they feel comfortable and understood. By guiding them step-by-step, she is not only helping them complete an important task, but also building trust and confidence.
Through this experience, Martinez says she has developed greater patience, empathy and a deeper appreciation for the challenges many families face when navigating financial aid.
“I empathize a lot with our students,” she said. “I understand how overwhelming the process can be for them. Over time, I’ve developed a lot of patience and compassion for their situations. Helping them navigate something so important is one of the most rewarding parts of my job.”
Receiving this award has shifted Martinez’s expectations for the future, giving her a renewed sense of confidence and motivation. Being recognized as Work-Study Student of the Year showed her that her efforts, dedication and work ethic do not go unnoticed.
It has inspired her to set higher goals for herself both academically, professionally and to pursue future opportunities with greater self-assurance.
“This award has allowed me to realize I can do anything. It has also empowered me to keep pushing forward and to continue growing in everything I do,” said Martinez.
Martinez encourages fellow students to apply for work-study positions and highlights how these roles offer valuable on-campus experience, skill-building opportunities and connections with faculty and staff. She believes that work-study is a great way to balance earning and learning while staying involved.
“Absolutely, go for it,” Martinez said. “It’s been such an amazing experience. The people I work with are incredible and the job itself has been so rewarding. Work-study jobs are also great starter jobs for students who have just graduated high school and are starting their college journey.”
Terracon, a leading national consulting engineering firm comprised of engineers and professionals in a variety of related disciplines is celebrating its 60th anniversary this month. Courtesy image
Texas Border Business
PHARR,Texas–Terracon, a leading national consulting engineering firm comprised of engineers and professionals in a variety of related disciplines is celebrating its 60th anniversary this month. From its 1965 founding as a small engineering firm in Iowa, Terracon today has more than 7,000 employees in 180 offices throughout the U.S. and is ranked in the top 20 among Engineering News-Record’s Top 500 Design Firms.
Terracon’s Pharr office was established in 1993 when it merged with Drash Consulting Engineers, bringing locations in Pharr, Laredo, and San Antonio. Since then, the Pharr office has grown to include over 40 employees. The office offers four service lines: geotechnical, environmental (including local mold and asbestos consultants), facilities, and materials testing. The lab is properly accredited and validated through several industry organizations.
Courtesy image
“This anniversary is an opportunity to recognize the clients who trust us with their business and the terrific team of Terracon engineers, scientists and technicians who work every day to efficiently navigate the complexities of their projects,” said Jorge A. Flores, P.G, Pharr Operations Manager. “We get to make a difference in our community as we come together to help build a vibrant valley.”
Led since 2019 by President and CEO Gayle Packer, Terracon began as Soil Testing Services of Iowa, Inc., with Gerald Olson, P.E., as founder. The company was renamed Terracon Consultants, Inc., and became 100 percent employee-owned in 1980. It passed $1 billion in revenues in 2022.
An innovator, Terracon develops project solutions that save time and budget, enhance safety and sustainability, and more, like its AI-driven pavement management solutions; Compass, a tool that allows access to projects and their associated data, including environmental and geotechnical projects,
Courtesy image
Stage1, which quickly accesses preliminary site information without a site visit; and the Pivvot , which automates the visualization and analysis of public and proprietary data and supports sustainable decision-making.
With the Terracon Foundation, employees act as grant champions, actively submitting requests each year for recipients where they work and live, making nearly $5 million in grants to community organizations, universities, dependents of employees, and for disaster relief efforts. The Pharr office has been proud to receive grants for the Boys and Girls Club of Pharr, Moody Clinic, Valley Symphony Orchestra, and UTRGV, further strengthening the Foundation’s impact on local communities and fostering a culture of giving.
About Terracon
Terracon is an employee-owned, multidiscipline consulting firm comprised of more than 7,000 curious minds focused on solving engineering and technical challenges from more than 180 locations nationwide. In 2025, we celebrate Terracon’s 60th anniversary with gratitude to our employees and clients and excitement for the future as Our Adventure Continues. Explore with us by visiting terracon.com.
After months of rigorous practice, thoughtful feedback from his teachers, and performances for his family, Zuniga’s hard work paid off. Image courtesy of PSJA ISD
Texas Border Business
SAN JUAN – From the halls of PSJA Early College High School to the legendary Texas A&M Aggie Band, Luis Zuniga is making his mark in the world of music and leadership. A determined and passionate student, Zuniga’s journey is one of perseverance, personal growth, and a powerful example of how dedication can turn dreams into reality.
“Band has helped me both in the classroom and beyond,” says Zuniga. “It’s something you can pass on to others, something you can carry with you and maybe even into a job interview. Band teaches you so many valuable lessons.”
After months of rigorous practice, thoughtful feedback from his teachers, and performances for his family, Zuniga’s hard work paid off. The result? A coveted spot in the Texas A&M Aggie Band, one of the nation’s most prestigious and competitive collegiate marching bands.
“I was overwhelmed with excitement—and a bit of anxiety,” Zuniga recalls. “I couldn’t wait to share the news with my family, especially my mom. She was so emotional and proud. I’ve been dreaming of this moment for as long as I can remember.”
Zuniga’s connection to Texas A&M runs deep—his uncle was a proud member of the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets. Now, Zuniga is ready to follow in his footsteps and bring his own unique contributions to the Aggie Band.
“Band will really change your life if you do decide to do it because you never know where it can take you,” explains Zuniga. “But most of the time, it will lead you to great places. It becomes a meaningful hobby that you look forward to.”
Zuniga will begin his college journey in Fall 2025, where he will continue to pursue his passion for music while embodying the Aggie spirit of leadership and excellence.
PSJA ISD is proud of Zuniga’s accomplishments and looks forward to watching him thrive as he takes the next step in his musical and academic career.
Two superseding indictments were unsealed charging 27 individuals currently or formerly associated with the designated foreign terrorist organization Tren de Aragua (TdA). Image for illustration purposes
Texas Border Business
U.S. Department of Justice
Note: A copy of the Anti-Tren indictment can be found here.
Two superseding indictments were unsealed charging 27 individuals currently or formerly associated with the designated foreign terrorist organization Tren de Aragua (TdA) with racketeering conspiracy, sex trafficking conspiracy, drug trafficking conspiracy, robbery, and firearms offenses. The first superseding indictment (the “TdA Indictment”) charges six alleged members of TdA. The second superseding indictment (the “Anti-Tren Indictment”) charges 19 alleged members of “Anti-Tren,” a splinter faction comprised of former TdA members, along with two additional associates of Anti-Tren. Of the 27 defendants, 21 are in federal custody, including 16 who were already in federal criminal, immigration, or state custody and five who were arrested last night and today in operations in New York and other jurisdictions.
“As alleged, Tren de Aragua is not just a street gang – it is a highly structured terrorist organization that has destroyed American families with brutal violence, engaged in human trafficking, and spread deadly drugs through our communities,” said Attorney General Pamela Bondi. “Today’s indictments and arrests span three states and will devastate TdA’s infrastructure as we work to completely dismantle and purge this organization from our country.”
“Today, we have filed charges against 27 alleged members, former members, and associates of Tren de Aragua, for committing murders and shootings, forcing young women trafficked from Venezuela into commercial sex work, robbing and extorting small businesses, and selling ‘tusi,’ a pink powdery drug that has become their calling card,” said Acting U.S. Attorney Matthew Podolsky for the Southern District of New York. “Today’s Indictments make clear that this Office will work tirelessly to keep the law-abiding residents of New York City safe, and hold accountable those who bring violence to our streets.”“Tren de Aragua is one of the most dangerous gangs in the country, and the NYPD has taken significant action to shut down their operations in New York City,” said New York City Police Department (NYPD) Commissioner Jessica S. Tisch. “For the first time ever, TdA is being named and charged as the criminal enterprise that it is. This isn’t just street crime—it’s organized racketeering, and this gang has shown zero regard for the safety of New Yorkers. As alleged in the indictment, these defendants wreaked havoc in our communities, trafficking women for sexual exploitation, flooding our streets with drugs, and committing violent crimes with illegal guns. Thanks to the dedicated members of the NYPD and the important work of our federal partners, their time is up.”
According to the allegations contained in the Indictments:
The TdA Indictment
TdA is a criminal organization that operated throughout New York City, including the boroughs of the Bronx and Queens, as well as internationally in Venezuela, Peru, and elsewhere. The purposes of TdA included:
Preserving and protecting the power and territory of TdA and its members and associates through acts involving murder, assault, robbery, other acts of violence, and threats of violence, including acts of violence and threats of violence directed at former members and associates of TdA who associated with a splinter organization known as Anti-Tren.
Enriching the members and associates of TdA through, among other things:
The unlawful smuggling of individuals, including young women from Venezuela, into Peru and the United States;
The sex trafficking of young women (whom members and associates of TdA often refer to as “multadas”) who had been unlawfully smuggled into Peru and the United States;
The trafficking of controlled substances, including a mixed substance called “tusi” that contains ketamine; and
Armed robberies.
Keeping victims and potential victims in fear of TdA and its members and associates through threats and acts of violence.
Promoting and enhancing TdA and the reputation and activities of its members and associates.
Providing assistance to members and associates of TdA who committed crimes for and on behalf of TdA, such as lodging and interstate transportation for members and associates of TdA to flee prosecution.
Protecting TdA and its members and associates from detection and prosecution by law enforcement authorities through acts of intimidation, threats, and violence against potential witnesses to crimes committed by members of TdA.
Members and associates of TdA transported “multadas” from Venezuela into Peru and the United States in exchange for debts that the “multadas” would pay back to TdA by engaging in commercial sex work. Members of TdA enforced compliance among “multadas” by, among other things:
Threatening to kill “multadas” and their families,
Assaulting “multadas,”
Shooting or killing “multadas,” and
Tracking down and kidnapping “multadas” who tried to flee.
Members of TdA also committed and conspired, attempted, and threatened to commit, acts of violence, including acts involving murder and assault, to protect and expand TdA’s criminal operations; resolve disputes within TdA; to retaliate against rival organizations, including Anti-Tren; and to maintain control over sex trafficking victims. TdA members and associates also trafficked controlled substances, committed robberies, and obtained, possessed, trafficked, and used firearms and ammunition.
The TdA Indictment charges Jarwin Valero-Calderon, also known as “La Fama,” 29; Samuel Gonzalez Castro, also known as “Klei” and “Kley, ” 28; Eferson Morillo-Gomez, also known as “Jefferson” and “Efe Trebol,” 20; Brayan Oliveros-Chero, 28; Sandro Oliveros-Chero, 25; and Armando Jose Perez Gonzalez, also known as “Biblia,” 30, (the “TdA Defendants”) with conspiring to participate in the TdA racketeering enterprise. Various of the TdA defendants are also charged with participating in offenses relating to drug trafficking, carjacking, robbery, and extortion, as well as firearms offenses. This case is assigned U.S. District Judge Denise L. Cote for the Southern District of New York.
If convicted of racketeering conspiracy, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, Morillo-Gomez, Brayan Oliveros-Chero, Sandro Oliveros-Chero, and Perez Gonzalez face up to life in prison. If convicted of drug trafficking conspiracy, Valero-Calderon, Brayan Oliveros-Chero, Sandro Oliveros-Chero, and Perez Gonzalez face up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of carjacking conspiracy, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, and Morillo-Gomez face up to five years in prison. If convicted of carjacking, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, and Morillo-Gomez face up to 15 years in prison. If convicted of Hobbs Act robbery, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, and Morillo-Gomez face up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of firearm use, carrying, and possession, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, and Morillo-Gomez face up to life in prison with a mandatory minimum sentence of seven years in prison. If convicted of attempted Hobbs Act extortion, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, and Morillo-Gomez face up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of firearm use, carrying, and possession – conspiracy, Valero-Calderon, Gonzalez Castro, Morillo-Gomez, Brayan Oliveros-Chero, and Sandro Oliveros-Chero face up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of possession of ammunition by an illegal alien, Brayan Oliveros-Chero faces up to 15 years in prison. If convicted of possession of a firearm and ammunition by an illegal alien, Sandro Oliveros-Chero faces up to 15 years in prison. If convicted of firearm use, carrying, and possession, Perez Gonzalez faces up to life in prison with a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in prison. If convicted of possession of a firearm and ammunition by an illegal alien, Perez Gonzalez faces up to 15 years in prison.
The Anti-Tren Indictment
Anti-Tren is a criminal organization almost exclusively comprised of former members and associates of TdA. Anti-Tren operated throughout New York City, including the boroughs of the Bronx and Queens, and in New Jersey, and elsewhere. Like TdA, the purposes of Anti-Tren included:
Preserving and protecting the power and territory of Anti-Tren and its members and associates through acts involving murder, assault, other acts of violence, and threats of violence, including acts of violence and threats of violence directed at members and associates of TdA.
Enriching the members and associates of Anti-Tren through, among other things:
The unlawful smuggling of individuals, including women and girls from Venezuela, into the United States;
The sex trafficking of “multadas” who had been unlawfully smuggled into the United States;
The trafficking of controlled substances, including “tusi”; and
Armed robberies.
Keeping victims and potential victims in fear of Anti-Tren and its members and associates through threats and acts of violence.
Promoting and enhancing Anti-Tren and the reputation and activities of its members and associates.
Providing assistance to members and associates of Anti-Tren who committed crimes for and on behalf of Anti-Tren, such as lodging and interstate transportation for members and associates of Anti-Tren to flee prosecution, or bail money for members or associates of Anti-Tren who are detained.
Protecting Anti-Tren and its members and associates from detection and prosecution by law enforcement authorities through acts of intimidation, threats, and violence against potential witnesses to crimes committed by members of Anti-Tren.
Like TdA, Anti-Tren engaged in human smuggling and sex trafficking of “multadas,” into the United States in exchange for debts that the “multadas” would pay back by engaging in commercial sex work. And like TdA, members of Anti-Tren enforced compliance among “multadas” by, among other things:
Threatening to kill “multadas” and their families,
Assaulting “multadas,”
Shooting or killing “multadas,” and
Tracking down and kidnapping “multadas” who tried to flee.
Members of Anti-Tren also committed and conspired, attempted, and threatened to commit, acts of violence, including acts involving murder and assault, to protect and to expand Anti-Tren’s criminal operations, resolve disputes within Anti-Tren, to retaliate against rival organizations, including Tren de Aragua, and to maintain control over sex trafficking victims. Anti-Tren members and associates also trafficked controlled substances, committed robberies, and obtained, possessed, trafficked, and used firearms and ammunition.
The Anti-Tren Indictment charges Reinaldo Rafael Gonzales-Valdez, also known as “Mariguana” and “Marijuana,” 41; Jose Manuel Guerrero-Zarate, also known as “Mantequilla,” 29; Jose David Valencia-De La Rosa, 27; Johan Carlos Mujica-Urpin, also known as “Sobrino,” 27; Luis Jose Velasquez-Hurtado, also known as “Chito,” 30; Stefano Said Pachon-Romero, 21; Guillermo Freites Velazquez, 26; Jesus David Barrios Garcia, also known as “Morocho,” 27; Giovanny Valentin Blanco Luciano, also known as “Cachorrito,” 20; Anderson Jesus Duran Berroteran, also known as “Cachorro, ” 22; Roiman Noe Bello Ferrer, 37; Luis Miguel Rodriguez-Tapia, 25; Mario Andres Pereda, also known as “Cara de Hombre,” 44; Anderson Smith Zambrano-Pacheco, 26; Yeferson Alejandro Prieto Galviz, also known as “Flaco T” and“Flacote,” 24; Jhonkennedy Bravo-Castro, also known as “Negrito,” 27; Yender Maykier Mata, 36; Kellen Alejandro Jaspe Bustamante, 20; and Luis Andres Bello-Chacon, also known as “Care de Peo,” 31 (the “Anti-Tren Defendants”) with conspiring to participate in an Anti-Tren racketeering enterprise. Various of the Anti-Tren Defendants, along with co-defendants Wilfredo Jose Avendaño Carrizalez and Carlos Gabriel Santos Mogollon, are also charged with participating in offenses relating to sex trafficking, conspiracy to import and harbor aliens, drug trafficking, obstruction of justice, and firearms offenses. This case is assigned U.S. District Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil of the Southern District of New York.
If convicted of racketeering conspiracy, Gonzales-Valdez, Guerrero-Zarate, Valencia-De La Rosa, Mujica-Urpin, Velasquez-Hurtado, Pachon-Romero, Freites Velazquez, Barrios Garcia, Blanco Luciano, Duran Berroteran, Bello Ferrer, Rodriguez-Tapia, Pereda, Zambrano-Pacheco, Prieto Galviz, Bravo-Castro, Maykier Mata, Jaspe Bustamante, and Bello-Chacon face up to life in prison. If convicted of sex trafficking conspiracy, Gonzales-Valdez, Guerrero-Zarate, Valencia-De La Rosa, Mujica-Urpin, Velasquez-Hurtado, Pachon-Romero, Freites Velazquez, Barrios Garcia, Duran Berroteran, Rodriguez-Tapia, Pereda, Zambrano-Pacheco, and Bravo-Castro face up to life in prison. If convicted of alien importation and harboring for immoral purpose – conspiracy, Gonzales-Valdez, Guerrero-Zarate, Valencia-De La Rosa, Mujica-Urpin, Velasquez-Hurtado, Pachon-Romero, Freites Velazquez, Barrios Garcia, Duran Berroteran, Rodriguez-Tapia, Pereda, Zambrano-Pacheco, and Bravo-Castro face up to five years in prison. If convicted of drug trafficking conspiracy, Gonzales-Valdez, Guerrero-Zarate, Mujica-Urpin, Freites Velazquez, Barrios Garcia, Blanco Luciano, Duran Berroteran, Prieto Galviz, Maykier Mata, Jaspe Bustamante, and Bello-Chacon face up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of firearm use, carrying, and possession, Gonzales-Valdez, Guerrero-Zarate, Mujica-Urpin, Freites Velazquez, Barrios Garcia, Blanco Luciano, Zambrano-Pacheco, Prieto Galviz, Maykier Mata, Jaspe Bustamante, and Bello-Chacon face up to life in prison with a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in prison. If convicted of obstruction of justice, Velasquez-Hurtado faces up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of unlicensed dealing of firearms, Pachon-Romero faces up to five years in prison. If convicted of possession of a firearm and ammunition by a fugitive from justice and illegal alien, Zambrano-Pacheco, faces up to 15 years in prison. If convicted of possession of a firearm and ammunition by an illegal alien, Bravo-Castro, Avendaño Carrizalez and Santos Mogollonface up to 15 years in prison.
The maximum potential sentences in this case are prescribed by Congress and are provided here for informational purposes only, as any sentencing of the defendants will be determined by the judge.
Attorney General Bondi and Acting U.S. Attorney Podolsky praised the outstanding investigative work of HSI and NYPD. They also thanked the Arapahoe County District Attorney’s Office in Colorado; the Aurora Police Department in Aurora, Colorado; the New York/New Jersey Regional Fugitive Task Force of the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS); the HSI National Gang Unit and New York Human Intelligence Division; ICE’s Enforcement and Removal Operations New York; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF); and the New York City Crime Analysis Center at the New York/New Jersey High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area.
This case received significant support from Joint Task Force Vulcan (JTFV), which was created in 2019 to eradicate MS-13 and now expanded to target Tren de Aragua, and is comprised of U.S. Attorney’s Offices across the country, including the Southern District of New York; the Eastern District of New York; the District of New Jersey; the Northern District of Ohio; the District of Utah; the District of Massachusetts; the Eastern District of Texas; the Southern District of Florida; the Eastern District of Virginia; the Southern District of California; the District of Nevada; the District of Alaska; the Southern District of Texas; and the District of Columbia, as well as the Department of Justice’s National Security Division and the Criminal Division. Additionally, the FBI; DEA; HSI; ATF; USMS; and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have been essential law enforcement partners with JTFV.
This case is part of Operation Take Back America, a nationwide initiative that marshals the full resources of the Justice Department to repel the invasion of illegal immigration, achieve the total elimination of cartels and transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), and protect our communities from the perpetrators of violent crime. Operation Take Back America streamlines efforts and resources from the Department’s Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETFs) and Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN). In February 2025, Tren de Aragua was designated a Foreign Terrorist Organization.
Assistant U.S. Attorneys Jun Xiang, Kathryn Wheelock, and Timothy Ly of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York’s Violent and Organized Crime Unit are in charge of the prosecution.
The charges contained in the superseding indictment are merely accusations, and the defendants are presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.
Pictured from left to right: Chaplain Terry Conrad, MA CVCA; Maggie Albrecht, District Director, Galveston County, Rep. Terri Leo-Wilson’s Office; Reverend Lernette Patterson; Lindsey Lippert, Natural Resources Uses Coordinator, Galveston Bay Estuary Program; Angela Sunley, Deputy Director of Coastal Resources, Texas General Land Office; Karla Klay, Executive Director, Artist Boat; Catarina Gonzales, Commissioner, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; Alex ‘Strongwind’ Perez, Karankawa Kadla; Woody Woodrow, Fish & Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services; Lindsey Savage, Restoration & Artificial Reef Team Lead, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Jeri Kinnear, Artist Boat Board Member. Photo Courtesy of Artist Boat via Texas GLO
Texas Border Business
AUSTIN, Texas — Texas Land Commissioner Dawn Buckingham, M.D., highlighted the Texas General Land Office’s (GLO) allocation of $2.958 million in Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act (GOMESA) funding to help acquire 141 acres of coastal land for the Coastal Heritage Preserve on Galveston Island. The acquisition of these coastal lands was marked by a Land Consecration Celebration held on April 13, 2025, hosted by Artist Boat, a non-profit organization working to expand the Coastal Heritage Preserve.
The GLO allocated these funds as a member of the Deepwater Horizon Trustee Council to match funding provided by the Texas Trustee Implementation Group, which includes the GLO, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
”I am thrilled that the General Land Office was able to help provide the necessary resources to expand the Coastal Heritage Preserve by 141 acres of valuable coastal barrier habitat,” said Commissioner Buckingham. “These coastal lands are next door to the Galveston Bay system, an estuary of national significance, which provides habitats for marine life and helps shield coastal communities from flooding during hurricanes. Adding this unfragmented, undeveloped land to the Preserve will help protect the wildlife and Texans who call this crucial part of our coast home.”
During the Land Consecration Celebration, the GLO marked the milestone event along with TCEQ, TPWD, Texas State Representative Terry Wilson Leo of District 23, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services (USFWS), Galveston Bay Estuary Program (GBEP), and the Galveston Bay Foundation (GBF).
The Coastal Heritage Preserve on Galveston Island is a Tier One Project of the Texas Coastal Resiliency Master Plan. In 2013, the GLO’s Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP) funded the purchase of 156 acres for the Preserve. This initiative includes public access and education features, such as trails, boardwalks, viewing platforms for bird and nature watching, public access to the bay, parking, interpretive signage, and identification of a suitable site for a future environmental education center.
Click the button below to learn more about the Coastal Heritage Preserve:
