On October 4, 1582, Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian calendar to replace the Julian calendar. The Julian calendar had been used since the time of the Roman empire, but it wasn’t a perfect measurement of a year, and the spring equinox had drifted from March 21 to March 11. To get things back on schedule, the Gregorian calendar eliminated 10 days in October, so the people of 1582 went to bed on Oct. 4 and woke up the next day on Oct. 15, probably feeling quite refreshed.
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—Abby Rubenstein, Matty Merritt, Max Knoblauch, Neal Freyman
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